Ferrous metals

It refers to the alloy of iron and iron. Such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloy, cast iron and so on. Both steel and pig iron are iron-based alloys with carbon as the main additive element, collectively referred to as iron-carbon alloys.

Pig iron is a product obtained by smelting iron ore into a blast furnace and is mainly used for steel making and casting.

The cast pig iron is smelted in a molten iron furnace to obtain cast iron (liquid, iron-carbon alloy containing more than 2.11% carbon), and the liquid cast iron is cast into a casting, and the cast iron is called a cast iron piece.

Ferroalloy is an alloy composed of iron and elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium and titanium. Iron alloy is one of the raw materials for steel making. It is used as a deoxidizer and alloying element additive for steel during steel making.

An iron-carbon alloy containing less than 2.11% of carbon is called steel, and the pig iron for steelmaking is placed in a steelmaking furnace and smelted according to a certain process to obtain steel. Steel products include steel ingots, continuous casting billets and direct casting into various steel castings. Generally speaking, steel generally refers to steel that is rolled into various steel materials.

Non-ferrous metal

Also known as non-ferrous metals, it generally refers to all metals except iron-manganese-chromium and iron-based alloys. Such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum and brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing alloys. The reason why iron-manganese-chromium is black metal is because their powdery crystals are black, but in fact the normal state is silver! Non-ferrous metals can be divided into four categories:

(1) Heavy metals: The general density is above 4.5g/cm3, such as copper, lead, zinc and the like.

(2) Light metal: low density (0.53 ~ 4.5g / cm3), chemically active, such as aluminum, magnesium and so on.

(3) Precious metals: The content in the crust is small, the extraction is difficult, the price is high, the density is large, and the chemical properties are stable, such as gold, silver, platinum, and the like.

(4) Rare metals: such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, lithium, antimony, uranium, etc.

Because rare metals are important in modern industry, they are sometimes separated from non-ferrous metals and become a single class. And juxtaposed with ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, it becomes the three major categories of metals.

In addition, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc. are also used in the industry. These metals are mainly used as alloy additions to improve the properties of metals. Among them, tungsten, titanium and molybdenum are used for the production of tools. Carbide. These non-ferrous metals are called industrial metals, in addition to precious metals: platinum, gold, silver, etc. and rare metals, including radioactive uranium, radium and the like.